Sustainability Disclosures under MiCA
August 29, 2025
Overview
Under Article 66(6) of the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA), all crypto-asset service providers (CASPs) are required to publish sustainability disclosures outlining the climate and environmental impacts of the consensus mechanisms used by the crypto-assets they support. These disclosures include both quantitative indicators and descriptive information regarding how transaction validation and ledger maintenance contribute to environmental impacts.
As part of its compliance framework, Gemini Intergalactic EU, Ltd. provides transparency on the consensus mechanisms that underpin supported crypto-assets.
S.1 Registered Entity
Gemini Intergalactic EU, Ltd
S.2 Legal Entity Identifier
2138002QAMX8PPKSO715
S.6 Beginning of the period to which the disclosed information relates to
8 Aug 2024
S.7 End of the period to which the disclosed information relates to
8 Aug 2025
S.5 Overview of Consensus Mechanisms
Proof of Work (PoW)
Proof-of-Work is a consensus model that secures networks through computational effort. Participants known as miners compete to solve complex cryptographic puzzles in order to propose new blocks of transactions. Successful miners receive block rewards and transaction fees. Because invalid blocks result in wasted computing resources and lost rewards, the system discourages manipulation through economic disincentives.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
Proof-of-Stake relies on validators who stake tokens as collateral to propose and attest to new blocks. Validators are selected based on the amount of crypto-assets they commit to the network. Honest behavior is rewarded through transaction fees and protocol incentives, while dishonest or negligent activity may result in partial or total loss of staked funds. This mechanism significantly reduces energy use compared to PoW and forms the basis of many modern networks.
Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) and Related Models
Byzantine Fault Tolerant models—including Proof of Authority (PoA), Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), and similar variants—use a limited set of known validators to reach consensus. These validators are typically pre-approved or institutionally backed, and are incentivized to maintain network stability through monetary rewards or reputational risk. These models are often used in enterprise or permissioned blockchain environments, where validator misconduct can result in removal or other penalties.
Delegated or Inherited Consensus
Some tokens do not operate their own blockchain but are deployed on existing networks such as Ethereum, Avalanche, or Solana. These tokens inherit the consensus mechanism and energy profile of the base network. In such cases, environmental impacts are attributed proportionally based on usage, transaction volume, or activity metrics.
See full climate and environmental impact data here. Sources and Methodologies
All environmental indicators have been estimated using publicly available blockchain data, third-party research, and Gemini’s internal allocation framework. The estimates are based on defined assumptions regarding network energy use, transaction volumes, and token activity. Calculations reflect data gathered between 17 August and 30 August 2025. Full details on our methodology, data inputs, and estimation logic can be found here. No offsetting or market-based emissions adjustments have been applied. 